Penetrant testing (Penetrant Testing, abbreviated as PT) is a conventional method widely used in the field of non-destructive testing, mainly used for detecting open defects on the surface of non-porous materials, such as cracks, pores, folds, etc. Due to its simple operation, low cost, and wide applicability, it is widely used in industries such as aviation, aerospace, shipping, and pressure vessels. However, in actual application, the accuracy of penetrant testing is often affected by various factors. In order to improve the reliability and accuracy of its testing, it is necessary to optimize from multiple aspects such as the testing process, operational specifications, equipment selection, and personnel quality.



Firstly, strictly following the standard operational procedures is the foundation for improving the accuracy of penetrant testing. The entire testing process includes pre-cleaning, penetration, emulsification (if necessary), removal, drying, imaging, and observation. Every step must be carried out strictly according to the standard, especially the cleaning step. Incomplete removal can lead to background fluorescence interference, affecting defect identification; insufficient or excessive penetration time can also affect the clarity of defect display.



Secondly, choosing the appropriate penetrant and developer is key. Penetrants differ in their types (fluorescent, colored) and removal methods (water washable, post-emulsified, solvent removable), and are suitable for different detection objects and environments. The choice should be made reasonably according to the material, surface condition, defect type, and testing conditions of the inspected workpiece. The choice of developer should also match the type of penetrant to ensure that the defect images are clear and visible.



Thirdly, environmental control and lighting conditions have a direct impact on the test results. Especially in fluorescent penetrant testing, it is necessary to use ultraviolet lamps in a dark room, and the intensity of ultraviolet light must meet the standard requirements (generally should be ≥1000 μW/cm²). Interference from environmental light will reduce the sensitivity of defect identification, thereby affecting the test results.



Fourthly, strengthening the professional training and experience accumulation of testing personnel is crucial. The technical level and responsibility of personnel directly affect the authenticity and accuracy of the test results. Regular technical training, operational drills, and case analysis are helpful to improve the identification ability and judgment accuracy of personnel. At the same time, a quality supervision mechanism should be established to improve the overall testing quality through re-inspection and cross-validation.



Finally, the introduction of advanced equipment and technology can also effectively improve the detection accuracy. For example, the use of high-resolution ultraviolet imaging systems, automatic spray equipment, and digital image processing technology can reduce human errors, improve detection efficiency, and reliability.



In summary, to improve the accuracy of penetrant testing, comprehensive strategies must be implemented from multiple aspects such as standardized operations, material selection, environmental control, personnel training, and equipment upgrade. Only by continuously optimizing the testing process and enhancing the testing technology level can product quality and safety be better guaranteed, and reliable testing support can be provided for industrial manufacturing.