In the field of metal processing, forging is a widely used plastic forming process, which obtains parts with the required shape and properties by applying pressure to the metal billet to cause plastic deformation. In this process, the fluidity of metal is one of the key factors affecting the quality and efficiency of forming. Improving the fluidity of metal helps the metal to fill the mold cavity better, reduce forming defects, and improve product performance. Therefore, studying how to improve metal fluidity during the forging process is of great significance.



Firstly, a reasonable heating temperature is the foundation for improving metal fluidity. Before forging, the metal material usually needs to be heated to a certain temperature to reduce its deformation resistance and increase its plasticity. At high temperatures, the bonding force between metal grains is weakened, and the dislocation movement is intensified, thereby improving the fluidity of the metal. However, higher temperature is not always better; an excessively high heating temperature may lead to oxidation, decarburization, and even overburning. Therefore, the appropriate forging temperature range should be selected according to the characteristics of different metal materials to achieve the best fluidity.



Secondly, adopting appropriate deformation rate and loading methods during the forging process can also effectively improve the fluidity of metal. A lower deformation rate is beneficial to the adjustment of the internal structure of the metal and the recrystallization process, thereby enhancing its plasticity and fluidity. In addition, using advanced processes such as multi-directional loading or isothermal forging can achieve more uniform metal flow, reduce local stress concentration, and improve the quality of forming.



Furthermore, mold design plays a decisive role in the exertion of metal fluidity. Reasonably designed mold cavities can guide metal to fill smoothly, avoiding defects such as insufficient filling, folding, and cracks. For example, using pre-forming dies can pre-distribute the metal volume, making it flow more uniformly into the final forging die; optimizing the radius of the mold corner and draft angle also helps to reduce metal flow resistance and improve forming efficiency.



In addition, improving the lubrication conditions is also an effective means to enhance metal fluidity. During the forging process, good lubrication can reduce friction between the metal and the mold, decrease deformation resistance, and promote uniform metal flow. Common lubricants include graphite aqueous solutions, oil-based lubricants, and solid lubricating films, which need to be selected according to specific process conditions.



In summary, improving the fluidity of metal is an important way to enhance product quality and production efficiency in forging processing. By means of controlling the heating temperature, optimizing deformation parameters, improving mold design, and improving lubrication conditions, the fluidity of metal during forging can be effectively enhanced, thereby achieving efficient and precise forming of more complex-shaped parts. With the continuous development of forging technology, more innovative methods will be applied to improve metal fluidity in the future, providing stronger technical support for the high-end manufacturing field.