Honing processing is a high-precision finishing process widely used in the processing of precision parts such as engine cylinder blocks, hydraulic cylinders, and gearboxes. Its main purpose is to improve the geometric accuracy and surface quality of the workpiece inner hole, while correcting the shape error left by the previous process. In the honing processing process, reasonable control of the processing allowance is one of the key factors to ensure processing quality and efficiency.

　　I. Basic principle of honing processing



Honing is a relative movement at low speed and low pressure with a honing head equipped with abrasive material in the inner hole of the workpiece. Through cutting and polishing action, a small amount of metal layer is removed to obtain high precision dimensions and extremely low surface roughness. Since honing belongs to micro-cutting, the requirements for processing allowance are extremely strict.



II. Concept and influence of machining allowance



So-called machining allowance refers to the thickness of the metal layer reserved in the inner hole of the workpiece before honing, which can be removed. Excessive allowance will lead to prolonged honing time, increased tool wear, and even affect the final processing accuracy; while too small allowance may not completely remove the errors and defects left by the previous process, affecting the performance of the workpiece.



III. Factors affecting the machining allowance



1. Precision of the previous process: The processing quality of processes such as drilling, reaming, and boring directly affects the amount of allowance to be removed during honing. If the error of the previous process is large, the honing allowance should be increased accordingly.



2. Material characteristics: The physical properties such as hardness and toughness of different materials affect the cutting performance, thereby affecting the selection of allowance.

　　3. Honing equipment and tools: The rigidity, stability of the honing machine, and the particle size, material of the honing head will all determine the allowable range of processing allowance.



4. Processing requirements: Factors such as dimensional accuracy, form and position tolerance, and surface roughness also determine the size of the allowance.

　　IV. Measures for controlling the machining allowance



1. Strict control of the previous process: Improving the processing accuracy of drilling, boring, and other processes can reduce the error before honing, which is helpful to reduce the honing allowance and improve the overall processing efficiency.



2. Reasonable selection of honing head parameters: According to the material characteristics and processing requirements, appropriate abrasive particle size, binder type, and honing head structure should be selected to achieve the best cutting effect.

　　3. Optimize the honing parameter settings: Properly adjusting the feed speed, reciprocating frequency, and cutting pressure of the honing head can effectively control the amount of material removed during each honing.



4. Adopting measurement feedback system: In the automatic honing equipment, the introduction of on-line measurement and feedback control system can adjust the processing parameters in real time, realizing precise allowance control.



5. Process test and data accumulation: Through process tests, experience data is continuously accumulated to form standardized allowance control specifications, which is helpful to improve the consistency and stability of processing.



V. Conclusion



In the process of honing, scientifically and reasonably controlling the machining allowance is not only helpful to improve the processing efficiency and quality, but also to extend the tool life and reduce the production cost. Therefore, enterprises should pay attention to process design and parameter optimization, strengthen the management of the previous process, and combine modern measurement and control technology to comprehensively improve the level and accuracy of honing processing.