In the process of external cylindrical grinding, the abrasive wheel, as the main cutting tool, directly affects the machining accuracy and surface quality. With the extension of use time, the abrasive wheel will gradually wear, dull, and even clog, leading to a decrease in cutting performance, deterioration of the surface roughness of the workpiece, and even the occurrence of defects such as burns. Therefore, regular truing of the abrasive wheel is an important link to ensure the normal operation and machining quality of the external cylindrical grinding machine.

　　1. Purpose of wheel dressing



The main purpose of wheel dressing is to restore the geometric shape of the abrasive wheel, remove钝化的磨粒, and clear the surface clogging materials, thereby improving its cutting ability and processing efficiency. Through dressing, it can ensure the correct contact state between the abrasive wheel and the workpiece, making the grinding process more stable and improving the processing accuracy and surface smoothness.



2. Common methods of wheel dressing



1. Diamond dressing method



This is the most common and most effective dressing method. Diamond pens or diamond rollers are used to dress the surface of the abrasive wheel. Diamond has an extremely high hardness and can effectively remove the钝化层 and clogging materials, while it can also dress out precise geometric shapes. This method is suitable for all types of abrasive wheels, especially for resin-bonded and ceramic-bonded abrasive wheels.



2. Rolling pressure dressing method



Utilizes a metal roller to apply pressure to the abrasive wheel for dressing. This method is suitable for rough dressing, which can quickly remove a large amount of surface material, but the surface of the dressed abrasive wheel is relatively rough and usually requires further finishing with diamond.



3. Electrolytic dressing method (ELID dressing)

　　Mainly used for the dressing of metal-bonded abrasive wheels. The binder is dissolved by electrolysis to make the abrasive particles protrude, achieving the dressing effect. This method is suitable for precision grinding and ultra-precision processing, but the equipment is complex and expensive.



4. Laser dressing method



This is a new dressing technology developed in recent years, which uses high-energy laser beams to accurately remove the surface material of the abrasive wheel. It has the advantages of non-contact, high precision, and strong adaptability, and is suitable for the dressing of complex-shaped abrasive wheels, but the equipment cost is relatively high.



3. Matters needing attention in wheel dressing

　　1. Control of dressing speed and feed rate



The appropriate dressing speed and feed rate should be selected according to the abrasive wheel material, binder type, and grinding requirements during dressing. Too fast will accelerate the wear of diamond, while too slow will affect efficiency.



2. Dressing direction



In principle, it should be consistent with the direction of the abrasive wheel rotation to reduce the wear of the dressing tool and improve the dressing effect.



3. Cooling and lubrication

　　Coolant should be used during the dressing process for cooling to prevent the abrasive wheel structure and tool life from being affected by frictional heat.



4. Regular inspection and maintenance



Diamond dressing tools will gradually wear during use and should be checked and replaced regularly to ensure the dressing effect.



4. Conclusion



In summary, wheel dressing is an indispensable and important link in the external cylindrical grinding process. Reasonable dressing can not only restore the working performance of the abrasive wheel but also significantly improve the quality and efficiency of the processing. Operators should master the correct dressing methods and select appropriate dressing tools and parameters according to specific process requirements to achieve efficient and precise grinding processing. Only by keeping the abrasive wheel in good working condition can the technical advantages of the external cylindrical grinding machine be fully utilized to meet the high requirements of modern manufacturing industry for product quality.