Firstly, the main sources of rail transit noise include wheel-rail noise, vehicle structure noise, traction system noise, and aerodynamic noise, among which wheel-rail noise is one of the main sources. To reduce these noises, we can start from the following aspects:



1. Optimize the design of the track structure



The use of seamless rails can effectively reduce the vibration and noise caused by rail joints during train operation. In addition, laying elastic track structures (such as elastic fasteners, floating slab tracks) can absorb the vibration energy of train operation, thus significantly reducing noise. For example, the floating slab track technology, by isolating the track slab from the subgrade, uses elastic elements such as springs or rubber pads to reduce vibration and noise, and is widely used in urban subways.



2. Use low-noise materials and equipment



On the wheels and rail materials, new alloys or composite materials can be used to reduce friction noise. At the same time, regular wheel resurfacing and rail grinding to maintain their smooth surfaces can also effectively control the growth of wheel-rail noise. In addition, the use of low-noise traction system equipment and air conditioning systems also contributes to the overall reduction of noise levels.



3. Strengthen the environmental management of the line



Setting up noise barriers along the rail is one of the more common and effective measures. Noise barriers are generally set between the track and residential areas, effectively blocking the path of sound transmission and reducing the impact of noise on surrounding residents. At the same time, planting green belts around the track also has a certain sound-absorbing effect, combining ecological and environmental benefits.



4. Optimize operation organization and scheduling



Rationally arrange train operation time to avoid frequent running during sensitive periods such as the late night; at the same time, control the frequency of train acceleration and braking to reduce the interference of sudden noise to residents along the line.

　　In summary, reducing rail transit noise requires comprehensive measures from technology, equipment, structure, and environment. With the development of science and technology and the enhancement of environmental awareness, the future urban rail transit will achieve greater breakthroughs in green, environmental protection, and silent directions, providing citizens with quieter and more comfortable living and travel environments.