1. Programming fundamentals



Turning and milling compound machine tools usually have multi-axis联动 capabilities, common ones include C-axis, Y-axis, B-axis, etc., which can realize spindle rotation, tool rotation, eccentric processing, and other functions. Therefore, in programming, not only traditional G-code needs to be mastered, but also familiar with the special instructions of compound machine tools, such as polar coordinate programming, coordinate system conversion, and multi-axis联动 control. In addition, the application of CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) software is becoming more and more widespread, such as Mastercam, PowerMill, Hypermill, etc., which can effectively improve programming efficiency and accuracy.



2. Process analysis



Before programming, detailed process analysis must be carried out. First, clarify the processing content, judge which processes can be completed in one clamping, and reasonably arrange the sequence of turning, milling, drilling, and tapping operations. Secondly, select appropriate tools and cutting parameters according to the workpiece material, shape, size, and processing requirements. Reasonable process planning is the premise of efficient programming.



3. Programming process



1. Establishing coordinate systems: Generally, the center of the workpiece right end face is used as the programming origin (G54), and the local coordinate system is reasonably set according to the machine tool structure.



2. Turning programming: Use basic instructions such as G00, G01, G02/G03 to complete traditional turning tasks such as external circles, internal holes, and end faces.



3. Milling programming: Utilize the rotation of the C-axis in conjunction with the X, Y, and Z axes for milling processing. At this time, attention must be paid to whether the spindle has a power head function. Polar coordinate programming or coordinate system rotation (G68) can simplify the programming of complex contours.



4. Multi-axis联动 programming: For complex surfaces or irregular parts, multi-axis联动 functions such as G43.4 and G6.2 in 5-axis联动 are required.

　　5. Program simulation and optimization: Before actual processing, the program should be simulated through simulation software to check for interference, collisions, and other issues, and optimize the cutting path.



4. Matters needing attention



- Avoid collisions: Due to the large number of moving parts in turning and milling compound machine tools, special attention must be paid to the motion paths of each axis during programming to avoid collisions.



- Tool management: Reasonably arrange the tool sequence to avoid frequent tool changes affecting efficiency.



- Spindle control: Pay attention to the synchronization issues when switching the spindle (such as from turning spindle to milling spindle).



- Modular programming: For repetitive processing content, it is recommended to use macro programs or subroutine calls to improve programming efficiency.



In summary, programming for a turning and milling compound machine tool is a task that requires both technical skills and experience. Only by mastering the basic programming instructions, being familiar with the machine tool structure and functions, and reasonably planning the processing technology, can one write efficient, safe, and stable processing programs, giving full play to the comprehensive advantages of the turning and milling compound machine tool.