Firstly, material selection is the core factor that determines the thermal insulation performance of the insulation board. Common insulation boards on the market include expanded polystyrene foam (EPS/XPS), polyurethane (PU) boards, mineral wool boards, glass wool boards, and so on. There are significant differences in thermal conductivity among different materials, which directly affects their insulation effect. For example, expanded polystyrene foam boards have a low thermal conductivity and good closed-cell structure, which can effectively prevent air flow and thus reduce heat conduction; while mineral wool boards have excellent fire resistance and certain insulation capacity, suitable for use in building sections with high fire requirements. Therefore, when selecting insulation boards, appropriate materials should be chosen according to the building's purpose and environmental conditions to achieve the best insulation effect.



Secondly, structural design plays a key role in the thermal insulation performance of the insulation board. Insulation boards usually adopt a multi-layer composite structural design, such as covering the outer layer of the insulation core material with reflective film, waterproofing layer, or reinforcing layer. This not only improves the insulation effect but also extends the service life. In addition, reasonable thickness settings are also crucial. Insulation boards are not the thicker, the better; instead, they should be scientifically calculated according to the climatic conditions of the region where the building is located to ensure that energy-saving standards are met while avoiding resource waste. In modern architecture, new technologies such as 'sandwich structure' or 'vacuum insulation board' are often used, which further improve the overall insulation performance by reducing air convection and radiation heat transfer.



Finally, the correct installation technology is an important link to ensure the effective operation of the insulation system. Even if high-quality materials and reasonable design are selected, improper construction will lead to problems such as thermal bridges, hollowing, and cracks, affecting the insulation effect. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly follow the specifications during the construction process to ensure that the insulation board is tightly adhered to the base wall, and to use special adhesives or anchoring devices to prevent falling off or deformation. In addition, the joints of the insulation system should be sealed to prevent the convection of cold and hot air, causing energy loss.



In summary, to achieve good thermal insulation effects, it is necessary to consider the material selection, structural design, and construction technology from three aspects. With the continuous improvement of energy-saving requirements for buildings, insulation materials and technologies are also constantly advancing. In the future, they will develop towards more efficient, environmentally friendly, and intelligent directions, creating a more comfortable living environment for people.