Sheet metal superplastic forming is an advanced processing technology that achieves large deformation and high forming performance under specific temperature and strain rate conditions. This technology is widely used in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and other fields, enabling the one-time forming of complex-shaped parts, significantly improving material utilization rate and production efficiency. However, one of the key factors for achieving superplastic forming is the precise control of temperature during the forming process. This article will discuss the importance of temperature control in sheet metal superplastic forming, control methods, and their impact on forming quality.

　　Firstly, temperature plays a decisive role in sheet metal superplastic forming. In the conventional state, metal materials have poor plasticity and are difficult to achieve large deformation without fracturing. However, under specific high-temperature conditions, certain metals (such as titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, etc.) exhibit excellent superplasticity, which can achieve a high degree of elongation under relatively small forming forces. Generally, the superplastic forming temperature range is 0.5 to 0.7 times the melting point temperature of the material (expressed in thermodynamic temperature), for example, the forming temperature of aluminum alloys is generally between 450℃ and 550℃.



Secondly, temperature uniformity is crucial for forming quality. During the superplastic forming process, if the temperature distribution of the mold or material parts is uneven, it will lead to inconsistent material flow, causing problems such as local thinning, cracking, or springback. Therefore, advanced heating systems and temperature control technology must be adopted to ensure that the entire forming area maintains a constant and uniform temperature. Common temperature control methods include resistance heating, induction heating, and furnace heating, combined with thermocouple sensors and closed-loop feedback control systems to monitor and adjust temperature changes in real-time.

　　In addition, the dynamic temperature change during the forming process also needs to be controlled precisely. Due to the heat changes caused by material deformation during the forming process, as well as environmental heat dissipation and other factors, the temperature may fluctuate. Therefore, reasonable process parameter design, mold thermal compensation system, and matching of forming speed are all key links in temperature control.



In summary, temperature control is one of the core factors for the success of sheet metal superplastic forming. Only through scientific temperature management can the superplastic properties of the material be fully utilized, and high-quality, high-precision complex sheet metal parts can be obtained. In the future, with the development of intelligent control technology and new heating methods, the temperature control of sheet metal superplastic forming will be more accurate and efficient, providing more possibilities for high-end manufacturing.